Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C).
In a large skillet over medium heat, cook the ground beef until browned. Drain excess fat.
Add the chopped onion and minced garlic to the skillet, cooking for about 3 minutes until the onion is translucent.
Stir in the black beans, refried beans, salsa, ground cumin, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Cook for another 5 minutes until heated through.
Spread a thin layer of the beef and bean mixture on the bottom of a 9x13 inch baking dish.
Layer 3 tortillas over the mixture, covering it evenly.
Add half of the remaining beef and bean mixture on top, followed by 1 cup of shredded cheese.
Repeat the layers: place 3 more tortillas, the remaining beef and bean mixture, and the remaining cheese on top.
Finish with the last 4 tortillas, topped with any leftover salsa and a sprinkle of cheese.
Cover the baking dish with aluminum foil and bake for 30 minutes.
Remove the foil and bake for an additional 10 minutes or until the cheese is bubbly and golden.
Let the lasagna sit for 10 minutes before slicing. Garnish with fresh cilantro, if desired.